Parenteral nutrition (PN or TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It provides all the essential nutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes—directly into the bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line, usually via a central venous catheter.

​

Why is it used?

PN is typically used when a person's digestive system can’t absorb nutrients properly, or when it needs to rest and heal. It ensures patients still get adequate nutrition when eating or tube feeding isn't an option.

​

Who Needs PN?

People who may need PN include those with:

• Short bowel syndrome (from surgical removal of large portions of the intestines)

• Severe Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

• Bowel obstructions

• Cancer (especially with complications that affect the digestive system)

• Pancreatitis, if oral feeding worsens symptoms

• Severe malnutrition or eating disorders

• Premature infants with underdeveloped digestive systems

​​

How It's Given:

PN is typically administered through a central line (like a PICC or port), often at home or in a hospital. Patients on long-term PN often work with a care team including doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists to monitor nutrients, hydration status, and potential complications like infections or liver stress.​​

​